Sinologist Fuchs and His Early Manchu Language Studies

Abstract

This paper systematically examines the contributions of the German sinologist Fuchs in the field of early Manchu studies, particularly his work in collating and researching Manchu-language documents. Focusing on his landmark 1936 publication, Studies on Manchu Books and Documents, the paper provides an in-depth analysis of his research methodology and academic significance. Fuchs' documentary work reflects the rigorous philological tradition of German sinology. He not only systematically catalogued fifty-six rare Manchu printed materials and early archival documents, meticulously examining their editions, physical formats, contents, and locations of preservation, but also, through detailed textual comparison and linguistic analysis, revealed the evolutionary trajectory of the Manchu script from its "unpointed" to its "pointed" form, as well as how the compilation of official Qing dynasty historical texts shaped historical narratives. His research scope is extensive, covering officially compiled historical records, official documents and set phrases, translated literature, and even Manchu-language seals, thereby situating Manchu documents within the broader context of the multi-ethnic governance and cultural interactions of the Qing dynasty.